This article discusses the issue whether developing countries forego chances in world manufactured markets by protecting intermediate services against market entry of new suppliers. By scanning the empirical literature on effective rates of...

Booming FDI in post-reform India is widely believed to promote economic growth. We assess this proposition by subjecting industry-specific FDI and output data to Granger causality tests within a panel cointegration framework. It turns out that the...

Recent research on gains for Russia from WTO membership concludes that service trade liberalization through allowing foreign suppliers to invest in Russian service industries promises large gains. By comparing OECD estimates on effective rates of...

With few exceptions, the empirical literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) continues to be gender-blind. This paper contributes to filling this gap by assessing the importance of gender inequality in education as a determinant of FDI. We...

We use newly available representative panel data for manufacturing enterprises in West and East Germany to investigate the link between production-related subsidies and exports. We report that only a small fraction of enterprises is subsidized, and...

It is widely accepted that China has been experiencing an export-led growth approach. However, the question whether government can reshape industry structure through production subsidies to enhance export performance has not been answered. This paper...

We examine the effect of exchange-rate misalignments on competition in the market for large commercial aircraft. This market is a duopoly where players compete in dollar-denominated prices while one of them, Airbus, incurs costs mostly in euros. We...

This paper investigates the implications for international markets of the existence of retailers/wholesalers with market power. Two main results are shown. First, in the presence of buyer power trade liberalization may lead to retail market...

We identify a few policy instruments that appear to be effective in promoting FDI flows to developing countries – in contrast to the findings of earlier studies that are based on small and unrepresentative samples. At the same time, there are some...

We contribute to the literature on the heterogeneity of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the relevance of firm and industry characteristics for analyzing the determinants of outward foreign direct investment (FDI). The focus is on the role of...