KKB 97: Global growth has decelerated over the course of the year under the impact of high energy prices and great uncertainty.

KKB 93: In spring 2022, world economic growth came to a standstill amid high inflation, persistent supply bottlenecks and elevated uncertainty.

Negative interest rate policies (NIRP) have become an established monetary policy instrument in the toolkit of the ECB. We discuss NIRP in the euro area

KKB 91: In a situation with already elevated inflation, the war in Ukraine and the zero-covid policy in China have led to additional upward pressures on prices and reinforced the global supply chain problems

KKB 87: The war in Ukraine is weighing on the global economy at a time when inflation has already risen sharply and the US Federal Reserve has embarked on a tightening cycle

Against the backdrop of the recent surge in inflation, we discuss available measures of inflation expectations and implications for monetary policy in t

KKB 85: Following an encouraging first half of the year, the recovery of the global economy has lost momentum. Across the globe, resurging Covid-19 infections weighed on economic activity.

KKB 81: he global recovery has lost momentum in the first half of 2021 amid new surges of Covid-19 cases and supply chain disruptions.

Kiel Policy Brief No. 158: Official data substantially underreports the number of Covid-19 cases and deaths in Africa as testing and surveillance capacities are limited in many countries.

Consumer price inflation in the euro area has sharply risen to 3% in the course of 2021. This increase was mainly due to higher energy prices and other