Congestion in container shipping declines, sanctions hit Russia's trade hard

According to the latest data update by the Kiel Trade Indicator, world trade volumes slightly decline month-on-month by 0.8 percent (price and seasonally adjusted). For Germany, indicator values point to a marginal decrease for imports (-0.9 percent) and no significant change for exports (-0.2 percent). There is also little change in trade of the EU, as imports (0.0 percent) and exports (1.0 percent) lie on previous month’s levels or slightly above.

For the United States, the Kiel Trade Indicator signals no change to import levels (0.0 percent), but a reduction of export levels (-2.7 percent). Values indicate no significant change to import levels of China (0.9 percent) and a strong increase of exports (10.1 percent).

“Global trade is showing an unsteady path, even if this development is not evenly distributed across all countries. German exports have been following this sideways movement in price-adjusted terms for several months now, so the difficult economic conditions are obviously having a noticeable impact on German exporters,” says Vincent Stamer, Head of Kiel Trade Indicator.

”China's export growth over the month of September is a positive outlier in global trade. It remains to be seen if this marks an easing of China's restrictive zero-Covid strategy and if this implies a sustainable positive trend for Chinese exports. Large monthly trade changes are historically not unusual for Chinese trade.”

In Russia, thesanctions imposed by Western countries are having an impact. Both for exports (-2.6 percent) and for imports (-0.4 percent) the indication for monthly changes to trade volumes are negative. Trade had already slumped significantly in recent months, especially with the EU.

Russia's official statistics agency has not published any import figures for several months now, apparently to conceal the effect of the sanctions against Russia. An analysis of exports from 57 countries and regions to Russia, including the EU and China, for the summer months of June, July, and August 2022 shows that Russia imports around 24 percent fewer goods per month than in 2021. The monthly import gap is around 4.5 billion US Dollars.

While the EU was Russia's most important trading partner in the summer of 2021, China has now taken over this top position. Compared to the previous year, the EU exports 43 percent fewer goods to Russia, while China exports 23 percent more. However, the increase in exports from China to Russia lost momentum in September.

”Since China’s exports are currently not sufficient to compensate for the drop of Russia’s trade with the EU, Russia's efforts to replace slipping imports from Europe are proving increasingly difficult. The sanctions imposed by the Western alliance are apparently hitting the Russian economy hard and noticeably limiting the population's consumption options,” Stamer said.

This is also indicated by the decline in cargo unloaded at Russian ports. St. Petersburg, formerly Russia's largest container port and an important hub for trade with Europe, for the first time achieved less than 10 percent of the previous year's volumes in October. The major port in the Black Sea, Novorossiysk, also realized only 50 percent of previous year’s trade. The port of Vladivostok, which is important to the handling of trade with Asia, has also seen declines in incoming cargo, so that the disappearing trade between Europe and Russia cannot be compensated there.

Container ship congestion around the globe continues to show signs of easing at a high level. Currently, 10 percent of all goods shipped worldwide are in congestion.

Since the beginning of the year, freight rates from China to Northern Europe have fallen by around two thirds. For the first time in around 2 years, prices for a standard container are again below 5,000 US Dollars and thus close to the level before the outbreak of the trade crisis. On the route from China to North America, prices began to fall somewhat earlier.

Stamer: ”The significant drop in freight rates is a positive impulse for global trade and thus also for the German economy. If rates remain low and global shipping congestion continues to ease, low transport costs could partly counteract fears of recession in exporting industries.

For more information on the Kiel Trade Indicator and forecasts for 75 countries and regions, visit www.ifw-kiel.de/tradeindicator.  

The next update of the Kiel Trade Indicator will take place on November 21 (without media information) and on December 6 (with media information) for November trade data.