KKB 88: Economic output in the euro area has recently returned to its pre-pandemic level. The surge in infections since early 2022 had only...

While the geopolitical rivalry between the European Union (EU) and Russia over their common neighborhood has increasingly attracted academic...

Russia's impact on EU policy transfer to the post-Soviet space has not been as negative as often perceived. EU policies have traveled to...

Against the backdrop of the recent surge in inflation, we discuss available measures of inflation expectations and implications for monetary...

This paper summarises recent trends in the international use of the euro and potential benefits and drawbacks of acquiring the status of an...

The paper argues that the monetary policy response to the COVID-19 crisis has been appropriate in terms of the ECB’s primary objective. The...

Against the backdrop of a trend towards a cashless society and the emergence of private electronic monies, the paper discusses properties of...

Risks to financial stability in the euro area appear to be contained for the time being, but could be substantial in the longer run. The...

Against the backdrop of slowing growth and subdued inflation in the euro area, we address the question to what extent additional monetary...

Following a brief discussion of the characteristics of money, we provide an overview of virtual currencies describing relevant technological...

We investigate the export-enhancing effect of foreign workers at the firm level. We first develop a theoretical framework of heterogeneous...

Consumer price inflation in the euro area has sharply risen to 3% in the course of 2021. This increase was mainly due to higher energy prices...

KKB 82: The euro area economy is rapidly approaching its pre-crisis production level. After a strong increase in the second quarter, economic...

In 2011, the EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (EUKFTA) entered into force. With its focus on nontariff barriers (NTBs), it is a leading...

The world runs a trade surplus with itself: Exporters report larger values of exports than what importers report as imports. This is a...

Negative interest rate policies (NIRP) have become an established monetary policy instrument in the toolkit of the ECB. We discuss NIRP in the...

In a Kiel Focus article Michael Stolpe suggests to use patent buy-outs to vaccinate the world.

Kiel Policy Brief No. 150: The authors argue why positions of the entire current account—and not just goods trade accounts—are best suited to...

The extensive margin of bilateral trade exhibits a high level of persistence that cannot be explained by geography or trade policy. We...