KKB 88: Economic output in the euro area has recently returned to its pre-pandemic level. The surge in infections since early 2022 had only...

KBW 39: As part of their SME Report Thuringia, the authors note that Thuringia's gross domestic product has developed less favorably than GDP...

Against the backdrop of the recent surge in inflation, we discuss available measures of inflation expectations and implications for monetary...

The paper argues that the monetary policy response to the COVID-19 crisis has been appropriate in terms of the ECB’s primary objective. The...

Against the backdrop of a trend towards a cashless society and the emergence of private electronic monies, the paper discusses properties of...

Following a brief discussion of the characteristics of money, we provide an overview of virtual currencies describing relevant technological...

This article (german) looks at the cryptocurrency phenomenon, in particular with regards to costs and scalability, stability of value, and...

Consumer price inflation in the euro area has sharply risen to 3% in the course of 2021. This increase was mainly due to higher energy prices...

KKB 82: The euro area economy is rapidly approaching its pre-crisis production level. After a strong increase in the second quarter, economic...

Kiel Policy Brief No. 156: The funding measure „Internationalization of leading-edge clusters”, which IfW researchers have accompanied...

KBW 30: The authors note that, although public budgets showed significant surpluses before the Corona crisis, both revenues and expenditures...

Kiel Policy Brief No. 118: This paper projects government interest payments as a percentage of GDP for Germany, France, Italy and Spain until...

KBW 15: In a full reserve system, commercial banks would lose the ability to create money out of thin air and to use sight deposits as a...

We take stock of the current evidence on fragmentation in financial markets in the  euro area and discuss policy options to facilitate...

Inflation has been persistently below the inflation target of the ECB despite the ongoing economic recovery in the euro area. In this paper,...

KKB 52: The euro area economy has once again switched back a gear. The slowdown over the course of 2018 is mainly due to weaker impulses from...

KBW 19: Measures of potential output and the output gap are of great importance for policy-makers who need to assess the cyclical position of...

KKB 10: Economic activity in the Euro Area is gradually gaining grip in 2015. Sentiment indicators suggest that the current - rather moderate...

KKB 38: The German economy is running at full steam. Economic activity has further accelerated in the current year and leading indicators...

KKB 46: The Euro area economy has lost momentum in the first half of 2018. The slowdown was due to country-specific temporary factors and a...