This paper investigates the persistence of self-employment in the districts of Kaliningrad, a Russian exclave, between 1925 and 2010....

We exploit employment data from 10,528 parishes across nineteenth century England and Wales and find that a one standard deviation...

We investigate the relationship between characteristics of an occupation-specific environment and the decision of employees to start...

Based on large representative German household survey data, we compare incomes of the self-employed with those of paid employees. We...